An external staircase in a wooden house serves as a
functional part of the entrance space scheme. It is an indispensable element in
the event of a height difference in the territory. An external staircase can
connect different levels of floors, and also be an important part of the house
porch.
External stairs are very similar in proportion to internal
stairs. The same building codes apply in the design process
The main difference between outdoor staircases is that it is
constantly exposed to precipitation, temperature extremes, solar radiation, and
seasonal mechanical fluctuations in the soil. These influences can cause the
deformation of the staircase. Therefore, the structure is erected as an
independent element, and it is not associated with the frame.
METHODS FOR ARRANGING
OUTDOOR STAIRS
Experts recommend building an outdoor staircase under a
canopy to protect the structure from external factors.
For the manufacture of a reliable, comfortable, durable
wooden staircase, it is necessary to use a moisture-resistant antiseptic
material. The service life of the structure depends on its quality and the reliability
of the installation.
A lightweight outdoor wooden staircase is installed on a columnar
foundation. This type of foundation is shallow; its cost is lower than the
price of a deep foundation. Such a foundation is being built from monolithic
concrete outdoor staircase
An important point!
In winter, a ladder installed on a shallow foundation can be
climbed. To prevent the staircase from blocking the entrance, a threshold must
be made in front of the door.
Be that as it may, the staircase installed on a columnar
foundation will be skewed every season. In regions with heaving soils, a flight
of stairs is installed at the bottom on a columnar foundation, and the upper
platform is built on cantilever beams. In this case, the poles should protrude
from the wall.
The March node, which is adjacent to the site, is attached
like a hinge. In the upper part of the foundation, embedded elements are
installed, thanks to which the lower part of the staircase is fastened more
firmly. This solution provides for a fixed location of the landing.
In most cases, an external staircase is erected after the
construction of a log house. Therefore, the columnar foundation must be
installed after the soil in the sinuses of the structure's foundation
completely sits down.
There is another way to equip a columnar foundation for an
outdoor staircase. The base for the ladder structure is installed in the soil
to the depth of freezing. The foundation, which is located below the freezing
level of the earth, must be made of massive steel, cast iron, or
asbestos-cement pipes. The pipes are immersed in pre-prepared wells.
An important point!
To avoid squeezing out the base during the frosty heaving of
the soil, the sinuses between the walls of the well and the pipes must be
filled with sand (medium or coarse-grained). The tubes can be additionally
wrapped with a film, and their lower part can be fixed in concrete, which is
pre-poured below the depth of freezing soil .installation of an outdoor
staircase.
The simplest is a ladder on bowstrings with 4-5 steps. This
structure is usually installed for temporary use. Risers, in this case, are not
made. For the manufacture of a simple structure, two longboards and several
short ones are used.
Longboards serve as bowstrings, and short boards are used
for treads. To connect the footsteps with the bowstrings, wooden bars are fixed
on the inside of the bowstring. Additionally, you can install stringers - they
will increase the strength, reliability of the staircase.
The wooden elements of the stairs must be insulated from the
concrete base with a layer of waterproofing material. The wooden structure's
surface is covered with layers of waterproof paint to protect the wood from
rotting and fungal diseases. It is also necessary to consider the fire hazard
of a wooden staircase.
IMPORTANT NUANCES
WHEN BUILDING AN OUTDOOR STAIRCASE
In the process of arranging an outdoor staircase, do not
forget about the drainage of water from the steps. If the stair is not large,
it is installed at a slight slope from the house.
Also, special trays are used to drain water. They are
arranged near the side fences and along the junction of the risers to the
tread. For water from entering the trays, the steps are built with an
appropriate slope.
Formwork boards should not have holes or defects. They must
withstand the pressure from the concrete that is poured into the formwork.
It would be best if you also remembered that frost-resistant
materials must be used for facing the stairs. Their surface must be rough,
grooved to avoid slipping.
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